- Core i3, i5, i7:÷åì âûøå, òåì áûñòðåå è äîðîæå. ÷. 2 -
Core i3, i5, i7:÷åì âûøå, òåì áûñòðåå è äîðîæå. ÷. 2
 ïðîøëûé ðàç ìû ïîçíàêîìèëèñü ñ ñåìåéñòâîì ïðîöåññîðîâ Core i. Îïèñàíèå íîâøåñòâ è òåõíîëîãèé ïîçâîëÿåò ëèøü àíàëèòè÷åñêè âûáðàòü íàèáîëåå ïîäõîäÿùèé ïðîöåññîð äëÿ ñâîèõ íóæä.
Áîëåå íàãëÿäíî î ïðîèçâîäèòåëüíîñòè ïðîöåññîðîâ ñêàæóò òàáëèöû è äèàãðàììû ðåçóëüòàòîâ òåñòèðîâàíèÿ ïðîöåññîðîâ. Íî ñíà÷àëà äàâàéòå ðàññìîòðèì òåñòèðóåìûõ.
Èç ñåìåéñòâà Core i íàìåðåííî âûáðàíû ìîäåëè èç ðàçíûõ ñåðèé, íî ñ îäèíàêîâîé òàêòîâîé ÷àñòîòîé è êîëè÷åñòâîì ÿäåð è ïîòîêîâ (Core i3-550 è Core i5-650). Ñòàðøèå ìîäåëè Core i7 (ðèñ. 1) èìåþò äàæå íåñêîëüêî íèæå ðàáî÷óþ ÷àñòîòó, ÷òî, âïðî÷åì, íå ïîìåøàåò èì îáîãíàòü âñåõ è âñÿ.
Ðèñ. 1
 êà÷åñòâå îïïîíåíòîâ âûáðàíû äâà äâóõúÿäåðíûõ ïðîöåññîðà: Core 2 Duo E8500 îò Intel è Athlon 64 X2 6400+ îò AMD. À ñ ÷åòûðåõúÿäåðíûìè Intel Core i7 ñîðåâíîâàëñÿ AMD Phenom II X4 965. Èõ õàðàêòåðèñòèêè ìîæíî óâèäåòü â òàáëèöå 1.
Òàáëèöà 1. Ó÷àñòíèêè òåñòà
Ïðîöåññîð
|
ßäðî
|
ßäåð/
Ïîòîêîâ
|
×àñòîòà, ÌÃö
|
Øèíà
|
Êýø L1, Êá
|
Êýø L2, Êá
|
Êýø L3, Êá
|
Ðàçúåì
|
Ïðîöåññ
|
TDP, Âò
|
Öåíà, USD
|
AMD Athlon 64 X2 6400+
|
Windsor
|
2/2
|
3200
|
HT
|
128x2
|
2048
|
|
AM2
|
90 íì
|
125
|
45-51
|
AMD Phenom II X4 965
|
Deneb
|
4/4
|
3400
|
HT
|
128x4
|
2048
|
6144
|
AM3
|
45 íì
|
140
|
160-225
|
Intel Core 2 Duo E8500
|
Wolfdale
|
2/2
|
3166
|
FSB
|
64x2
|
6144
|
|
LGA775
|
45 íì
|
65
|
197-217
|
Intel Core i3-550
|
Clarkdale
|
2/4
|
3200
|
DMI
|
64x2
|
512
|
4096
|
LGA1156
|
32 íì
|
73
|
117-145
|
Intel Core i5-650
|
Clarkdale
|
2/4
|
3200
|
DMI
|
64x2
|
512
|
4096
|
LGA1156
|
32 íì
|
73
|
170-226
|
Intel Core i7-860
|
Lynnfield
|
4/8
|
2800
|
DMI
|
64x4
|
1024
|
8192
|
LGA1156
|
45 íì
|
95
|
269-321
|
Intel Core i7-950
|
Bloomfield
|
4/8
|
3067
|
QPI
|
64x4
|
1024
|
8192
|
LGA1366
|
45 íì
|
130
|
296-332
|
Ôàêòîðû, âëèÿþùèå íà ïðîèçâîäèòåëüíîñòü ïðè ðåøåíèè òèïîâûõ çàäà÷
![](/images/2011/7-8/Core_i3_i5_i7_p2/Chip.jpg) Çàäà÷, êîòîðûå ïîëüçîâàòåëü ñòàâèò ïåðåä êîìïüþòåðîì, ñåãîäíÿ î÷åíü ìíîãî. Äàæå åñëè òåñòèðîâàòü ïðîöåññîðû âî âñåõ ñôåðàõ äåÿòåëüíîñòè, âñ¸ ðàâíî êàêàÿ-íèáóäü ïëîõî îïòèìèçèðîâàííàÿ ïîä ìíîãîÿäåðíîñòü ïðîãðàììà èñïîðòèò âñ¸ âïå÷àòëåíèå.
Íàïðèìåð, ïðîãðàììû âèçóàëèçàöèè 3D-ñöåí íå ìîãóò ïîõâàñòàòüñÿ õîðîøèì ïàðàëëåëèçìîì, âïîëíå îáõîäÿñü ïàðîé ÿäåð. Òàê ÷òî ðåøàþùåå çíà÷åíèå èìååò òàêòîâàÿ ÷àñòîòà êàæäîãî ÿäðà, ñêîðîñòü ðàáîòû ïðîöåññîðà ñ ïàìÿòüþ, åìêîñòü êýø-ïàìÿòè è ïðî÷èå àðõèòåêòóðíûå îñîáåííîñòè, à âîò Hyper-Threading ÷àùå âñåãî âîîáùå âðåäèò.
Òî æå ñàìîå îòíîñèòñÿ è ê ïðîãðàììàì äëÿ íàó÷íûõ è èíæåíåðíûõ ðàñ÷¸òîâ. Íàïðèìåð, èíæåíåðíûå CAD, ñóäÿ ïî âñåìó, îïåðèðóþò äîñòàòî÷íî áîëüøèìè îáú¸ìàìè èíôîðìàöèè ïðè ïîäñ÷¸òå, íî âîò âòîðîå ÿäðî çà÷àñòóþ èãíîðèðóþò.
Êàê íè ïå÷àëüíî, íî óæå ñòàâøèå áûòîâûìè ïðîãðàììû ïî îáðàáîòêå 2D-ãðàôèêè, òàêèå êàê Adobe Photoshop, ACDSee, Corel PaintShop è äðóãèå òîæå ñëàáî îïòèìèçèðîâàíû è çàäåéñòâóþò âñåãî ïàðó ÿäåð èç âñåõ âîçìîæíûõ.
Ïîýòîìó äëÿ íàèáîëüøåé ýôôåêòèâíîñòè ñëåäóåò âûáèðàòü ïðèëîæåíèÿ, íàïèñàííûå ïîä ïëàòôîðìó .NET, êîòîðàÿ ñàìà ïî ñåáå õîðîøî îïòèìèçèðîâàíà.
Ñæàòèå äàííûõ
Êàê ïîêàçûâàåò ïðàêòèêà, áîëüøå äâóõ ÿäåð ñîâðåìåííûì àðõèâàòîðàì íå òðåáóåòñÿ, à âîò ê ðàçëè÷íûì õàðàêòåðèñòèêàì ïîäñèñòåìû ïàìÿòè îíè î÷åíü âîñïðèèì÷èâû, ïðè÷åì êî âñåì, âêëþ÷àÿ êýø L3.
Ðèñ. 2. Ñæàòèå â WinRar 3.8
Òàê, íàïðèìåð, àðõèâàòîð 7-Zip óìååò çàäåéñòâîâàòü òðåòüå ÿäðî. Àðõèâàòîð WinRAR, ñóäÿ ïî âñåìó, îïåðèðóåò ïîêà ÷òî òîëüêî äâóìÿ ÿäðàìè, à ïðè ðàñïàêîâêå âîîáùå òîëüêî îäíèì.
Ðåçóëüòàòû òåñòèðîâàíèÿ ñìîòðèòå â òàáëèöå 2 è íà ðèñ. 2 (÷åì áîëüøå çíà÷åíèå, òåì ëó÷øå).
Òàáëèöà 2. Ñæàòèå â WinRar 3.8
Ïðîöåññîð
|
Ñæàòèå, Êá/ñ
|
Athlon 64 X2 6400+
|
1028
|
Phenom II X4 965
|
2210
|
Core 2 Duo E8500
|
1203
|
Core i3-550
|
1745
|
Core i5-650
|
1766
|
Core i7-860
|
3041
|
Core i7-950
|
3248
|
Êîíâåðòèðîâàíèå âèäåî
Ñëåäóåò îòìåòèòü, ÷òî ëîãèêà ðàáîòû ñîâðåìåííûõ è äàæå íå î÷åíü ñîâðåìåííûõ âèäåîêîäåêîâ «ëîæèòñÿ» íà àðõèòåêòóðó Nehalem ïðîñòî èäåàëüíî.
Ïîëåçíîñòü Hyper-Threading âîîáùå îñïîðèòü êðàéíå ñëîæíî. À åñëè ñðàâíèâàòü Phenom II X4 965 è Core i7-950, òî äàæå íàëè÷èå ó Phenom ôîðû â âèäå ñóùåñòâåííî áîëåå âûñîêîé òàêòîâîé ÷àñòîòû ïîëîæåíèÿ íå ñïàñàåò.
Ðèñ. 3. Êîäèðîâàíèå âèäåî
Êîðî÷å, ÷åì áîëüøå ïîòîêîâ ñïîñîáåí îäíîâðåìåííî îáðàáàòûâàòü ïðîöåññîð, è ÷åì áîëüøå êýø-ïàìÿòè, òåì ëó÷øå. Ðåçóëüòàòû ñìîòðèòå â òàáëèöå 3 è íà ðèñ. 3 (÷åì ìåíüøå çíà÷åíèå â ñåêóíäàõ, òåì ëó÷øå).
Òàáëèöà 3. Êîäèðîâàíèå âèäåî
Ïðîöåññîð
|
DivX 6.5, ñåê
|
WMV9, ñåê
|
x264 HD Bench, FPS
|
Athlon 64 X2 6400+
|
86
|
126
|
28
|
Phenom II X4 965
|
50
|
96
|
77
|
Core 2 Duo E8500
|
57
|
97
|
40
|
Core i3-550
|
59
|
113
|
53
|
Core i5-650
|
59
|
112
|
53
|
Core i7-860
|
40
|
99
|
71
|
Core i7-950
|
37
|
81
|
81
|
Èãðîâîå 3D
Íîâûå èãðû óæå íàó÷èëèñü íàãðóæàòü âñå èìåþùèåñÿ ÿäðà, è ëèøü ñòàðûå èãðû íàãðóæàþò 2-3 ÿäðà. Ïîýòîìó ÷åì áîëüøå âèðòóàëüíûõ ÿäåð ó ïðîöåññîðà, òåì ëó÷øå.
Ðèñ. 4. Ïðîèçâîäèòåëüíîñòü â èãðàõ
Ðåçóëüòàò ñìîòðèòå â òàáëèöå 4 è íà ðèñ. 4 (÷åì áîëüøå çíà÷åíèå, òåì ëó÷øå).
Òàáëèöà 4. Ïðîèçâîäèòåëüíîñòü â èãðàõ
Ïðîöåññîð
|
Far Cry 2, 1280x1024,
FPS
|
Athlon 64 X2 6400
|
53
|
Phenom II X4 965
|
100
|
Core 2 Duo E8500
|
74
|
Core i3-550
|
85
|
Core i5-650
|
85
|
Core i7-860
|
125
|
Core i7-950
|
137
|
Èòîãè
 òåñòå íå ó÷àñòâîâàëè äâà, ïîæàëóé, ñàìûõ ìîùíûõ äåñêòîïíûõ x86-ïðîöåññîðà â ìèðå ñ 6 ÿäðàìè, L2 256x6 Êá è L3 12 Ìá: Core i7-980X Extreme Edition (3,33 ÃÃö, $1083-1141) è Core i7-990X Extreme Edition (3,46 ÃÃö, $1110-1168).
Áëàãîäàðÿ òåõíîëîãèè Hyper-Threading îïåðàöèîííàÿ ñèñòåìà ðàïîðòóåò î íàëè÷èè 12 ÿäåð! À çà ñ÷¸ò Turbo Boost ÷àñòîòó ýòèõ ïðîöåññîðîâ ìîæíî ïîâûñèòü êàê ìèíèìóì äî 3,6 ÃÃö è 3,72 ÃÃö ñîîòâåòñòâåííî.
Ñîçåðöàÿ òàêîãî «ìîíñòðà» èñïûòûâàåøü äâîÿêîå ÷óâñòâî. Ñ îäíîé ñòîðîíû, ýòà ãèãàíòñêàÿ (äëÿ äåñêòîïà) ìîùü êàê âñåãäà çàâîðàæèâàåò. Ñ äðóãîé ñòîðîíû âîçíèêàþò âïîëíå îáîñíîâàííûå ñîìíåíèÿ â òîì, ÷òî òîïîâîìó äåñêòîïíîìó ïðîöåññîðó òàê óæ îáÿçàòåëüíî áûòü 6-òè ÿäåðíûì.
Òåì áîëåå ÷òî ñàìà Intel ñâîþ Extreme-ñåðèþ ïîçèöèîíèðóåò, êàê ïðîöåññîðû äëÿ ãåéìåðîâ-ýíòóçèàñòîâ. Íó ãäå ãåéìåðû ñ èõ âñåãî ëèøü 2-3-õ ïîòî÷íûìè èãðàìè è ãäå äîñòóïíûå 6 ÿäåð?!
Íó äà íå áóäåì î ãðóñòíîì. Ñîâñåì íå îáÿçàòåëüíî êàæäîìó äåðæàòü ñëîíà â ñîáñòâåííîé êâàðòèðå, íî ïîëþáîâàòüñÿ (ðèñ. 5) íà ýòî ñèëüíîå è âåëè÷åñòâåííîå æèâîòíîå â çîîïàðêå – ïî÷åìó áû íåò?
Ðèñ. 5
Åù¸ îäèí ïå÷àëüíûé àñïåêò çàêëþ÷àåòñÿ â òîì, ÷òî íàðÿäó ñ óâåëè÷åíèåì ÿäåðíîñòè ïðîöåññîðîâ ðàçðàáîò÷èêè ÏÎ íå óñïåâàþò îïòèìèçèðîâàòü åãî è â èòîãå íà îäíî äîïîëíèòåëüíîå ÿäðî â ñèñòåìå ïðèðîñò ïðîèçâîäèòåëüíîñòè ñîñòàâëÿåò âñåãî 45%, à íå 100%, êàê ýòî äîëæíî áûòü â èäåàëå.
Âûõîäèò, ÷òî çà÷àñòóþ, ïîêóïàÿ 2-õ ÿäåðíèê ïîëó÷àåì ïðîèçâîäèòåëüíîñòü íà óðîâíå 150% îò îäíîÿäåðíîãî âìåñòî 200%, à ïîêóïàÿ 3-õ ÿäåðíèê – 200% âñåãî ëèøü, âìåñòî 300%. Ïå÷àëüíî ñîçíàâàòü, íî ýòî êàñàåòñÿ è ïðîöåññîðîâ AMD.
È áåññìûñëåííî íà ýòî îáèæàòüñÿ, ïðîñòî ñëåäóåò îá ýòîì ïîìíèòü, âûáèðàÿ, íàïðèìåð, ìåæäó äâóìÿ ÿäðàìè è ÷åòûðüìÿ, è òåì ïà÷å ìåæäó ÷åòûðüìÿ è áîëåå.
Ìàìà äëÿ ìàìîíò¸íêà
Ëó÷øå ìàòåðèíñêîé ïëàòû îò Intel ìîæåò áûòü òîëüêî ìàòåðèíñêàÿ ïëàòà îò Intel. Ïîýòîìó ðàññêàæó î íåñêîëüêèõ ñèñòåìíûõ ïëàòàõ äëÿ ïðîöåññîðîâ Core i îò ýòîãî ïðîèçâîäèòåëÿ, ïîñêîëüêó ðàññìîòðåòü äàæå áåãëî ñèñòåìíûå ïëàòû îò âñåõ ïðîèçâîäèòåëåé, òàêèõ êàê Gigabyte, ASUS, MSI, Biostar, AsRock, EliteGroup è äð. íà ñòðàíèöàõ íàøåãî æóðíàëà ïðîñòî íåâîçìîæíî.
Äëÿ Core i7-9xx (ðàçúåì LGA1366)
Îáå ìàòåðèíñêèå ïëàòû ïîääåðæèâàþò 3-õ êàíàëüíûé ðåæèì ðàáîòû ïàìÿòè. Òèï ïîääåðæèâàåìîé ïàìÿòè DDR3. Ìàêñèìàëüíàÿ ïîääåðæèâàåìàÿ ïðîïóñêíàÿ ñïîñîáíîñòü ïàìÿòè è å¸ ñòàíäàðòû ñìîòðèòå â îïèñàíèè ïðîöåññîðà.
Ìîäåëü: INTEL DX58SO2 ATX (ðèñ. 6)
Ïîääåðæêà: Core i7-9xx, Core i7-965 Extreme Edition (Bloomfield).
Ñëîòû: 6xDDR3, PCI, 2xPCI-E 1x, 3xPCI-E 2.0 16x
Ïîðòû: 2xUSB 3.0, 6xUSB 2.0, IEEE1394 (6-pin), 2xESATA, 2xRJ-45 LAN, S/PDIF-out, Line-in, Mic-in, Front-out, rear-out, sub/center-out
Öåíà: $280-290
Ðèñ. 6. INTEL DX58SO2 ATX
Ìîäåëü: INTEL DX58OG ATX (ðèñ. 7)
Ïîääåðæêà: Core i7-9xx, Core i7-965 Extreme Edition (Bloomfield).
Ñëîòû: 6xDDR3, PCI, 3xPCI-E 1x, 2xPCI-E 2.0 16x
Ïîðòû: 2xUSB 3.0, 6xUSB 2.0, IEEE1394 (6-pin), RJ-45 LAN, S/PDIF-out, Line-out, Line-in, Mic-in
Öåíà: $222-231
Ðèñ. 7. INTEL DX58OG ATX
Äëÿ Core i3, i5, i7-8xx (ðàçúåì LGA1156)
ÂÍÈÌÀÍÈÅ!: íåñìîòðÿ íà òî, ÷òî ñèñòåìíàÿ ïëàòà èìååò ïîðò äëÿ ïîäêëþ÷åíèÿ ìîíèòîðà, äëÿ ôîðìèðîâàíèÿ èçîáðàæåíèÿ èñïîëüçóåòñÿ âñòðîåííîå â ïðîöåññîð âèäåîÿäðî.
Ïîýòîìó ïðè èñïîëüçîâàíèè ïðîöåññîðîâ áåç âñòðîåííîãî âèäåî, âèäåîâûõîäû íà ïëàòå íå ðàáîòàþò.
Äëÿ àêòèâèçàöèè 2-õ êàíàëüíîãî ðåæèìà ðàáîòû ïàìÿòè ìîäóëè óñòàíàâëèâàþòñÿ ïàðàìè.
Ìîäåëü: INTEL DH55PJ
Dsub+DVI MicroATX (ðèñ. 8)
Ïîääåðæêà: Core i7-8xx, Core i5-6xx/7xx, Core i3-5xx, Pentium G6xx0 (Lynnfield, Clarkdale)
Ñëîòû: 2xDDR3, PCI, 2xPCI-E 1x, PCI-E 2.0 16x
Ïîðòû: PS/2, 6xUSB 2.0, RJ-45 LAN, VGA, DVI-D, Line-out, Line-in, Mic-in
Öåíà: $93-104
Ðèñ. 8. INTEL DH55PJ MicroATX
Ìîäåëü: INTEL DQ57TML Dsub+DVI MicroATX (ðèñ. 9)
Ïîääåðæêà: Core i7-8xx, Core i5-6xx/7xx, Core i3-5xx, Pentium G6xx0 (Lynnfield, Clarkdale)
Ñëîòû: 4xDDR3, PCI, 2xPCI-E 1x, PCI-E 2.0 16x
Ïîðòû: PS/2, 4xUSB 2.0, LPT, RJ-45 LAN, VGA, DVI-D, Line-out, Line-in, Mic-in
Öåíà: $126-134
Ðèñ. 9. INTEL DQ57TML MicroATX
Ìîäåëü: INTEL DH55HC
DVI HDMI ATX (ðèñ. 10)
Ïîääåðæêà: Core i7-8xx, Core i5-6xx/7xx, Core i3-5xx, Pentium G6xx0 (Lynnfield, Clarkdale)
Ñëîòû: 4xDDR3, PCI, 2xPCI-E 1x, PCI-E 2.0 16x
Ïîðòû: PS/2, 6xUSB 2.0, RJ-45 LAN, VGA, DVI-D, HDMI, Line-out, Line-in, Mic-in
Öåíà: $99-113
Ðèñ. 10. INTEL DH55HC ATX
Ìîäåëü: INTEL DP55WG
ATX (ðèñ. 11)
Ïîääåðæêà: Core i7-8xx, Core i5-6xx/7xx, Core i3-5xx, Pentium G6xx0 (Lynnfield, Clarkdale).
Ñëîòû: 4xDDR3, PCI, 2xPCI-E 1x, 3xPCI-E 2.0 16x
Ïîðòû: 8xUSB 2.0, IEEE1394 (6-pin), RJ-45 LAN, S/PDIF-out, S/PDIF-in, Line-in, Mic-in, Front-out, rear-out, sub/center-out, Surround-out
Öåíà: $155
Ðèñ. 11. INTEL DP55WG ATX
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